【作者】 张秋；

【导师】 竹隰生；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑业是国民经济重要的物质生产部门，劳动生产率是反映行业生产力水平的重要指标。近年来，人工成本持续上涨，进一步削弱了建筑企业的利润空间，无疑给建筑企业的发展带来了挑战，提高劳动生产率是应对人工成本上涨最有效的措施之一。另外，通过大量的文献研究发现，国内针对建筑业劳动生产率的探讨还较为贫乏，研究范围具有局限性。因此，无论是从行业层面、企业层面还是学术层面，都有必要对建筑业劳动生产率进行一个全面、系统的研究。在文献综述及基本理论研究的基础上，本文首先进行了现状研究，对我国当前建筑业劳动生产率进行了一个基本描述，并运用三种不同的指标对劳动生产率进行了重新计算，为不同情况、不同主体选择哪种数据作为参考提供依据。其中，反映劳动成本的生产率指标显示我国建筑业人工费用仅占产品价值的20%左右，未来人工费还存在较大上涨空间。另外，本文还进行了行业间、城市间、不同国家间劳动生产率的对比，从不同侧面对建筑业劳动生产率有了一个系统的认识。研究显示我国建筑业劳动生产率还处在较低水平，存在较大提升空间，未来劳动生产率将完成高速发展向平稳发展的过渡。在充分了解了我国建筑业劳动生产率现状的基础上，本文进行了影响因素研究。本文以解决建筑企业实际问题为出发点，提炼出影响建筑业劳动生产率的五个方面：劳动者素质，组织和管理，环境因素，技术水平和其他外界因素。在此基础上，经过梳理和分析挑选了30个可能对建筑业劳动生产率产生影响的因素。通过社会调查，让调查对象就因素的影响力大小进行评分，最后计算出每个因素的影响力指数，找到对劳动生产率发挥关键作用的因素。结果显示对建筑业劳动生产率影响最大的五个因素依次为：管理/技术人员素质，资源（材料、设备）供应的及时性，作业流程标准化的程度，设计图纸的及时性及准确性，业主、承包商及咨询方等主体之间的沟通协作。最后，本文认为可以从提高劳动者素质、改善生产的组织和管理、加大技术创新的实践力度和调动劳动者的积极性几方面着手，积极采取措施，从而提高劳动生产率。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction industry is an important economic material production sectors,and labor productivity is an important indicator that reflects the level of productivity ofthe industry. In recent years, labor costs continued to rise, further weakening thebuilding corporate profit margins, is undoubtedly a challenge to the development ofconstruction enterprises. Improving labor productivity is one of the most effectivemeasures in response to the rise in labor costs. In addition, through a lot of literatureresearch, we find that domestic construction labor productivity discussion is relativelypoor, and research scope has limitations. Therefore, whether from industry level,enterprise level or academic level, it is necessary for a comprehensive and systematicstudy of labor productivity in the construction industry.On the basis of literature review and basic theory research, this article hasconducted the research of present situation. After a basic description of the constructionindustry labor productivity, use three different indicators of labor productivityrecalculated select what kind of data as a reference to provide the basis for differentcircumstances, different subjects. Among them, which reflects the Labor costs indexshows that our country construction artificial expense accounts for only about20%ofthe value of the products, the future cost of labor has bigger rise space. In addition, thispaper also carried out labor productivity contrast between industries, urban cities, anddifferent countries. From different aspects of construction labor productivity, we have asystem of knowledge. Research shows that china’s construction labor productivity levelis low, there is a big space of promotion.The future labor productivity will finish highspeed development to the steady development of the transition.On the basis of full understanding of the labor productivity of China’s constructionindustry, this article has conducted the research to the influential factors. In this paper tosolve the actual problem of construction enterprise as the starting point, refining theeffect of construction labor productivity in five aspects: the quality of workers, theorganization and management, technical level, environmental factors and some otherexternal factors. On this basis, after combing and analysis of30selected factors thatmay impact on the construction industry labor productivity. Through socialinvestigation, let the investigation object is factors influence size grading, finallycalculated the influence of each factor index, find the labor productivity factors plays a key role. The results show the construction labor productivity have the biggest impacton five factors are as follows: management/technical personnel quality, resources(materials, equipment) supply of timeliness, the degree of standardization of operatingprocedures, design drawings of the timeliness and accuracy, communication andcollaboration between the major players of construction.Finally, this paper believe that the following measures can be taken to improvelabor productivity: improve the quality of workers, improve the organization andmanagement of production, increase technical innovation practice efforts, mobilize theenthusiasm of workers.更多还原