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《梁(凉)州》研究

A Study of Liang Zhou

【作者】 苏童

【导师】 徐文武;

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 , 中国古代文学, 2019, 硕士

【摘要】 《梁州》又名《凉州》,是产自于古代凉州地区的音乐艺术。与同样产生于凉州地区的《西凉乐》同属于“西凉乐”范畴,但二者无任何传承与派生关系。又因宋代文人著作常将“梁”与“凉”混用,以至后世作品被讹传为《梁州》,二者实为同一音乐曲调。然历史地理上的“凉州”与“梁州”,并非同一地方。《梁州》曲调按其自身发展演变过程节点大致分为三个阶段:第一阶段为唐大曲《凉州》,具有歌乐、舞乐、器乐等不同的音乐形态。《乐府诗集》存其曲辞共五遍,以七言四句为主,多选自现有诗作,曲辞之间没有固定的主题。《全唐诗》存十三首《凉州词》亦为七言绝句体,以边塞为主要题材,皆可入乐歌唱。“安史之乱”后,唐大曲走向衰落,传至宋代发展成为宋大曲《梁州》,以“摘遍”的方式进行表演,只具有舞乐与器乐两种音乐形态;第二阶段为词调《梁州令》,其来源与大曲《梁州》、七绝体《凉州词》密切相关,但《梁州令》不再以边塞为主要题材,只继承大曲《凉州》的音乐部分,多写恋情相思,柳永《梁州令》为此调首创。主要填制集中在北宋时期,此后几乎无人再创作,直至明清时期被再次创作,但也只是个别词人的个人尝试而已;第三阶段为曲牌《梁州》,自宋杂剧《梁州》七本至南北曲中的各类《梁州》曲牌,其多为大曲《梁州》与词调《梁州令》之遗存,但因时代迁移之故等原因,曲牌《梁州》中已看不出大曲《梁州》、词调《梁州令》之形态。

【Abstract】 Liang Zhou is also called liang zhou,it belongs to music arts that come from Ancient Liang Zhou area.Alough both Liang Zhou and Xi Liang Yue that also comes from Liang Zhou area are under Xi Liang Yue,they are not any connections of inheritance and derivation.It is so ragular to mix Liang and liang up because of literary works of the Song Dynasty that the work is blackmailed as liang zhou by futurity,Liang Zhou and liang zhou are the same music elements.However,Liang Zhou and liang zhou of historical geography are not the same place.According to its evolution of self-development,Liang Zhou tune can be devided into three stages.The first stage is Daqu in the Tang Dynasty Liang Zhou that have all kinds of forms of music including song music,dance music,instrumental music and so on.Its five lyrics are saved in Poetry Collection of Yue Fu and express themselves with seven words and four sentences,and are mostly selected from existing works and have not topics in particular.Thirteen Liang Zhou Poems in the The Entire Tang Poems are still the seven-character quatrains and are mostly based on the frontier and can be added music and sing them out.After the rebellion,Daqu in the Tang Dynasty is declining and develops into Daqu in the Song Dynasty in the Song Dynasty,meanwhile Daqu in the Tang Dynasty peforms as pick over way and only owns two music forms:dance and instruments.The second stage is lyrics Liang Zhou Ling Ci,but Liang Zhou Ling Ci no longer focuses on the frontier and only inherits musical part of Daqu Liang Zhou and creates romance and love-stickness mostly,and meanwhile its origination is Liang Zhou Ling Ci of LiuYong.The main ci-filling production of lyrics Liang Zhou Ling Ci concentrate in the Northern Song Dynasty,and later on hardly one continues to crate,until the Ming and Qing Dynasty,only a few poets try to create.The third stage is Qupai Liang Zhou.Except for the seven of Song Dynasty drama Liang Zhou and all kinds of Liang Zhou tunes in the northern and southern songs,most of them are the remains of tone Liang Zhou Ling Ci,but because of time migration,it is unclear to see forms of Daqu Liang Zhou and Liang Zhou Ling Ci.

【关键词】 《凉州》《梁州》《梁州令》大曲词调曲牌
【Key words】 Liang Zhouliang zhouLiang Zhou LingDaquCiQupai
  • 【网络出版投稿人】 河北大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2019年 08期
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